Statistics is the study of data collection, organisation, analysis, interpretation and presentation. It is increasingly important in life, study and employment in various contexts. It is important to be comfortable and confident in dealing with real data. It is used in areas of study such as actuarial.

Probability is used to determine a numerical value for the chance or risk of events happening. Probability theory has made significant contributions to almost all branches of science and engineering over the last 100 years. Probability is used in areas of study such as finance, science, artificial intelligence, business, computer science and philosophy.

This is a problem-solving approach to achieve the best outcome (such as maximum profit or lowest cost) through consideration of conditions that can be modelled by linear relationships. Linear programming can be applied to a variety of contexts in business and industry. It is used most extensively in business and economics but is also utilised for some engineering problems. Linear programming models are used in industries such as transportation, energy, telecommunications and manufacturing. Linear programming has proved useful in modelling diverse types of problems in planning, routing, scheduling, task assignment and design.

A mathematical understanding of sequences, growth and decay can be applied to a variety of real-life contexts and problem-solving tasks, including financial mathematics, population growth, epidemics, earthquakes and radioactive decay.